Pilot Physiological Evaluation of an Investigational Mask with Expiratory Washout.

Participation Requirements

• Sex:

  ALL

• Eligible Ages:

  18 and up

Participation Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* No indication of intubation upon evaluation by physician in the next 2 hours
* Fits the investigational mask

Specific for hypercapnic patients 1 of the following criteria

* Patients hospitalized with acute respiratory failure (ARF) stabilized and tolerating NIV or;
* Patient admitted to hospital with ARF with one criteria for NIV among the following:

* Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure with hypercapnia and acidosis (Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) \> 45 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and pH \< 7.38) or
* Post-extubation period within 48 hours, in patients with high risk of re-intubation

Specific for hypoxemic patients

1 of the following criteria

* Hypoxemic respiratory failure without hypercapnia requiring nasal high flow or;
* Hypoxemic respiratory failure without hypercapnia requiring NIV or;
* Conventional oxygen therapy (COT) \> 6 liters per minute (L/min) with peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) \< 92%

Exclusion Criteria:

* Refusal to participate in the study
* Inability to provide informed consent
* Infectious isolation
* Facial deformity, burns or morphology that prevents adequate mask placement
* Claustrophobia
* Nausea
* Presence of nasogastric tube
* Pneumothorax
* Confusion or loss of consciousness
* Severe upper gastro-intestinal bleeding
* Any other condition, which at the investigators discretion, is believed may present a safety risk or impact the feasibility of the study or study results