Characterizing the Inflammation Around Dental Implants: Bacterial Infection, Hypersensitivity or Both?

Conditions de participation

• Sexe:

  ALL

• Âges admissibles:

  18 and up

Critères de participation

Inclusion Criteria:

* Received at least one functional implant (implant restored with a prothesis);
* Did not receive peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis treatment in the past three months.

Exclusion criteria:

* Dental records with incomplete information;
* Individuals with a weak immune system or chronic disease such as diabetes, heart, lung or kidney disease;
* Pregnant women;
* Individuals undergoing orthodontic therapy and those who have oral piercing.
* History of diseases that modify or suppress the immune and inflammatory response, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease and metastatic cancer;
* Taking medications that cause antiresorptive osteonecrosis of the jaw (including any dose of intravenous bisphosphonates, oral bisphosphonate intake for more than three years, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand inhibitors, or antiangiogenic medications);
* Taking medications known to induce gingival hyperplasia including anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, or calcium channel blockers;
* Taking steroid medications, systemic or local antibiotics in the last three months (as this may affect the interleukins activity);
* Received radiation therapy to the head and neck or chemotherapy;
* Received treatment to manage an inflamed implant, including management of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis in the last three months.