The Low dose ColchicinE in pAtients with peripheral Artery DiseasE to address residual vascular Risk (LEADER-PAD) trial will evaluate if anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine will reduce vascular events in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.

A multi-centre, non-blinded, comparative effectiveness, randomised controlled trial. Patients will be prospectively enrolled from Critical Care Units and will be assessed for study enrollment based on inclusion/exclusion criteria at the time of the onset of fast atrial fibrillation (AF)(irregular and often rapid heart rate). The authors hypothesize that high dose Magnesium Sulphate with the addition of Digoxin as a second line treatment will improve the success rate in returning the heart to normal rhythm as well as speed of resolution of critical illness in new onset rapid atrial fibrillation in the critically ill cared for in general ICUs.

Overall, this observational cohort study aims too: 1. Implement rapid trio WGS for all children presenting to our health systems with epilepsy onset under 12 months of age. 2. Utilize electronic healthcare records and research databases to unite phenotypic and genomic data and to create a "virtual" registry across all institutions that will promote ongoing discovery. 3. Assess the impact of early genetic diagnosis on epilepsy, developmental, and health economic outcomes through formal longitudinal assessments of all children enrolled.

The study is an extension of two previous studies (HGT-HIT-046 \[NCT01506141\] and SHP609-302 \[NCT02412787\]). Participants must have completed one of the previous studies. The main aim of this study is to collect more information about the safety of the treatments, idursulfase-IT and elaprase, in children and adults with Hunter syndrome and cognitive impairment. Participants will receive the same treatment as in the previous studies.

Severe chronic pain is defined as pain persisting for three months or more that significantly impacts daily functioning. It is highly prevalent, occurring in 100,000 to 160,000 youth. If left unmanaged it can lead to persistent pain and mental health problems in adulthood, posing enormous costs to society ($7.2 billion CAD/year). In 2014, health professionals at the Alberta Children's Hospital (ACH) established a pediatric Intensive Pain Rehabilitation Program (IPRP) to target youth with severe chronic pain and consequent functional disability who do not respond to outpatient pain therapies. The IPRP at the ACH is a three-week intensive day-treatment intervention provided by an interdisciplinary team, which helps youth resume engagement in normal daily functioning. Following IPRP, youth reported less anxiety, less depressive symptoms, and greater function, although their self-reported pain remained unchanged. In August 2016, the investigators began to explore brain areas related to severe chronic pain in youth. The investigators scanned a subset of youth at the start (baseline) and end (discharge) of IPRP (23 youth with 2 brain scans). From baseline to discharge, the investigators saw decreases in activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Decrease in DLPFC activity was related to better mental health outcomes. The DLPFC is a well-known target for non-invasive brain stimulation. Repeated brain stimulation has been used to treat adults, but not youth with chronic pain. For the first time, the investigators will use image-guided brain stimulation (37 minutes/day, 5 days/week) to enhance the brain changes observed with IPRP. The investigators will examine whether three weeks of brain stimulation helps to reduce pain symptoms in youth. The investigators will also compare pain, brain, and mental health outcomes to our historical program data. By adding brain stimulation to our pain intervention, the investigators have the chance to target an area of the brain investigators know to be altered by chronic pain to improve outcomes.

The objectives of this pilot RCT are to examine if the Talk Test is an effective and safe tool as compared with CPET for exercise prescription in patients who have undergone CABG or PCI and enrolled in a home-based CR program with virtual exercise training monitoring.

Patients with reflux disease (heart burn), or a hiatal hernia, who do not get better with medication, may have surgery to help with their symptoms. Unfortunately, there is no agreed upon way to perform the surgery. The investigators are using a new surgical instrument called the EndoFLIP which allows surgeons to take measurements during the operation. The investigators will compare the measurements obtained during surgery with a quality of life score that we will calculate from a questionnaire.

The purpose of this project is to pilot contingency management as an adjunct treatment to counselling as usual using internet delivered video-conferencing applications for remote disordered gamblers. This project further investigates the impact of adding contingency management to counselling to improve counselling attendance and retention and uses internet-delivered approaches to assist rural and remote disordered gamblers gain access to counselling treatments.

The purpose of this initiative is to improve care and outcomes for infants with HLHS by expanding the NPC-QIC national registry to gather clinical care process, outcome, and developmental data on infants with HLHS between diagnosis and 12 months of age, by improving the use of standards into everyday practice across pediatric cardiology centers, and by engaging parents as partners in the process.

This is an international multi-centre cohort study of first and second degree family members of individuals who carry Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) mutations in MAPT, GRN or C9ORF72 repeat expansions for youths between the ages 9-17.