This study assesses the effect of sequential radiation and durvalumab immunotherapy given as treatment prior to surgery with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Physical activity and dairy consumption during growth and development are each known to improve peak bone mass in young adults. Peak bone mass, the maximum amount of bone a person will have in their lifetime, is typically reached in the early 20's in females and late 20's in males. However, evidence suggests that young people do not consume enough dairy to maximize their bone mass. The resulting effect in peak bone mass can be troublesome, particularly for athletes, such as volleyball players. This study aims to determine whether increased dairy consumption combined with training can have an additive effect on the physiology of young competitive athletes. Specifically, we will examine whether Greek yogurt consumption will lead to beneficial changes in bone metabolism and inflammation, in adolescent and young adult, male and female athletes, similar to those observed with whey protein supplementation. Many athletes choose exclusively protein supplementation and miss out on other nutrients vital for healthy growth and development. By examining the benefits of Greek yogurt across different athlete age groups and sexes, this work will help reshape the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours surrounding diet of young athletes.

This is a phase 3, randomized, open-label study of opevesostat compared to alternative abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide in participants with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with respect to overall survival (OS) and to radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) per Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG) Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) as assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) in participants with mCRPC previously treated with next-generation hormonal agent (NHA) and taxane-based chemotherapy. It is hypothesized that opevesostat is superior with respect to OS and rPFS per PCWG Modified RECIST 1.1 as assessed by BICR in androgen receptor ligand binding domain (AR LBD) mutation-negative and -positive participants.

This is a randomized, multi-centric, placebo-controlled, participant and investigator-blinded study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of TIN816 in adult patients at risk for acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery.

Substudy 01A is part of a larger research study that is testing experimental treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The larger study is the umbrella study (U01). The goal of substudy 01A is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of opevesostat-based treatment combinations, or as a single agent, in participants with mCRPC. This substudy will have two phases: a safety lead-in phase and an efficacy phase. The safety lead-in phase will be used to evaluate the safety and tolerability, and to establish a recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) for the opevesostat-based treatment combinations. There will be no hypothesis testing in this study.

There is increasing worldwide interest in exploring stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for treating metastases in men with prostate cancer, including for the treatment of oligoprogressive metastases. The latter applies to a situation whereby patients with widespread metastases undergoing systemic therapy present with a solitary or a few metastatic tumors that progress, while all other metastases are stable or responding. The usual practice would be to change systemic therapy at this point, but another approach is to locally ablate the "rogue" metastases and continue the same systemic therapy. SABR used in this scenario may delay the need to switch to another line of systemic therapy and improve progression-free survival while patients stay on the same systemic therapy.

Indigenous youth in Northwestern Ontario who need mental health supports experience longer waits than non-Indigenous youth within the region and when compared to youth in other more urban areas. Limited access and extended waits can exacerbate symptoms, prolong distress, and increase risk for more serious outcomes. Transitional aged youth (i.e., those in their mid-late teens to early twenties) are a particularly vulnerable group. Novel, innovative approaches are urgently needed to provide support for Indigenous youth in Northwestern Ontario. In partnership with Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, the investigators are evaluating the impact of a mental health app (JoyPop) as a tool for Indigenous transitional-aged youth who are waiting for mental health services. The JoyPop app was developed to support improved emotion regulation - a key difficulty for youth presenting with mental health challenges. A two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the app compared to usual practice while Indigenous transitional-aged youth are waiting for mental health services.

The clinic visits (intervention) will continue for 90 days, which represents the follow-up period for the primary medication and health status outcomes. The co-primary clinical outcomes will be obtained at 180 days.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients take more pills per day on average than any other chronically ill patient population. On average, an HD patient takes 19 medications per day, of which 70% may not be appropriate. The reason the medications may not be appropriate is that HD patients are rarely included in clinical trials for new medications and therefore the efficacy and safety data that exists for the general population may not actually apply to them. Tools to guide the re-assessment and discontinuation (deprescribing) of these specific medications that lack evidence for efficacy and safety in HD patients are needed. These tools will help reduce the amount of medications being taken and the potential negative consequences of taking so many medications (e.g. adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, non-adherence, increased risk of cognitive impairment, impaired balance and falls, and increased risk of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality). Nine medications that are often inappropriately prescribed to HD patients have been identified by the investigators. These medications are: Alpha-1 Blockers, Anticonvulsants, Benzodiazepines \& Z-Drugs, Loop Diuretics, Prokinetic Agents, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Quinine, Urate Lowering Agents, and Statins. The investigators developed and validated tools to help medical teams in outpatient HD units with identifying and stopping these medications in their patients. The next step will be to perform a study where test these tools are tested in practice at multiple HD centers across Canada. This initiative should decrease the average number of medications per patient and inappropriate medication use in the HD units where these tools are used. The overall objective of this study is to improve current clinical practice by optimizing medication use and prescribing patterns in the HD units across Canada.

A growing body of work suggests that regular exercise can support symptom management and improve physical function for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although exercise is known to be beneficial for managing many symptoms related to MS, its effects on the central nervous system, and whether these effects change with different types of exercise, are not well understood. Here, the investigators have designed a clinical trial that compares the effects of distinct exercise protocols on aspects of physical function, physical fitness, and central nervous system function. This research will be the first to compare the effects of different types of exercise on central nervous system changes in people with MS.