This is a clinical intervention study of PKU carriers (cases) and non-carriers (controls). Upon completing the informed consent process, participants will complete baseline measures of chronic mental health prior to the intervention (PHQ-9, GAD-7, BIS-11). Participants will attend the Human Nutraceutical Research Unit (HNRU) at the University of Guelph, fasted, and first undergo baseline measures of cognition and acute mental health (mood) and provide samples or saliva, urine and dried blood spots to evaluate phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and their metabolites (PAH pathway functioning) as well as for genetic testing of the PAH gene. Participants will also complete a brief questionnaire which will include age, sex, ethnicity, income, weight and height (measured using a stadiometer and calibrated weigh scale), and confirmation that participants arrived to the lab fasted (i.e. have only had water to drink and no other foods/ beverages prior to analyses). Blood pressure and heart rate will also be measured at baseline. Following baseline tests, participants will consume a pure L-Phe supplement dosed at 100 mg/kg mixed with 125 mL of water and 125mL of orange juice. Blood pressure and heart rate will be repeated at 1-hour post-L-Phe consumption. Two-hours postprandial, participants will repeat the cognitive tests and acute mental health (mood) assessment, blood pressure and heart rate measurement and provide follow-up saliva, urine and dried blood spot samples. Participants will also be asked to report any side effects they experienced with the L-Phe consumption.

This case series aims to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of Oral Sulfate Solution (OSS) in patients who had previously experienced poor colonoscopy preparation.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also referred to as concussions, affect millions of people around the world and can cause harmful long term effects. Unfortunately, concussions can be hard to diagnose and many people have lasting post-concussion symptoms such as headaches, difficulty concentrating, and light sensitivity. Recent studies have shown that advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can identify subtle brain changes caused by a concussion. This study aims to track concussions over time measuring MRI brain scans and post-concussion symptoms to gain a better understand how the brain is affected in comparison to symptoms.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are among the most promising approaches to fighting cancer. However, a substantial percentage of patients experience off-target adverse effects in the form of mild to severe inflammation in different organs, commonly called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). irAEs can lead to treatment discontinuation, or can be life-threatening in extreme cases. The causes of irAEs are largely unknown and there are no reliable predictive biomarkers. The Montreal Immune-Related Adverse Events (MIRAE) study collects clinical information and biospecimens (blood, tissue, stool) from cancer patients treated with ICI to facilitate research on the identification of predictive biomarkers of irAEs, their causes, and the design of effective management strategies.

The iParent2Parent (iP2P) program is a new, innovative virtual mentorship program that will connect parents one-to-one with other parents of pediatric kidney transplant recipients who are trained to offer vital peer support and mentorship. Parents of children who received a kidney transplant at The Hospital for Sick Children will be invited to participate as mentors and mentees. The iP2P program can decrease feelings of isolation, improve mental health and have a long-term positive impact on patient health. This research will increase our understanding of one-to-one peer support and leverage eHealth technologies to improve the access to and acceptability of parent peer support interventions.

This is a Prospective Observational study. The aim of the study is to understand the underlying photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium or retinal vascular aberrations in inherited and acquired retinal disorders. The study would use adaptive optics (AO) technology to assist in-vivo visualization of these retinal structures and ascertain changes from normal. Further, by using the AO imaging in patients before and after treatments, this study aims to better understand the effect of various interventions and develop AO as an outcome measure in various retinal disorders.

The goal of this study is to test whether an adaptive radiation therapy (RT), two-phase approach in participants with glioblastoma impacts local control compared to standard non-adaptive RT approach. The main questions of the study are to see how this adaptive, two-phase RT approach compares to standard RT in terms of: * Local control * Overall and progression-free survival * Patterns of failure * Toxicity, Neurological Function, and Quality of Life

The study will investigate the shortening and collapse of pertrochanteric fractures following surgical management with the TFN-Advanced nailing system. The focus will be on comparing radiographic assessments of nails which have been statically locked versus dynamically locked. This is a randomized control study with the initial invention being randomized to either statically locking or dynamically locking. For a two-month period, all eligible patients will receive the randomized allocated treatment, then treatment will switch to the alternate treatment for the next two months and will continue to alternate treatments for two-month periods until study enrollment has completed.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the bridging reconstruction technique vs the lower trapezius tendon transfer in patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. The main questions it aims to answer are: * comparing the outcomes of the two surgical techniques (BRR with an acellular human dermal allograft implant vs Arthroscopic Assisted LTT Transfer) on the maintenance of the acromiohumeral distance * compare the outcomes of strength, range of motion, and patient reported quality of life scores between the two techniques Participants will be randomized into one of two surgical treatment groups (bridging reconstruction or lower trapezius tendon transfer) and followed for a minimum of two years to compare the outcomes between groups.

The goal of this observational study is to validate the Creyos online cognitive assessment platform in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, or remitted major depressive disorder. The main objectives of this research are: 1. To confirm the feasibility of administering the Creyos cognitive battery to older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI) or Major Depressive Disorder in remission (rMDD). 2. To determine whether the Creyos battery can detect changes in cognition that are predictive of changes on paper-and-pencil neuropsychological testing ("gold standard") over up to five years. Participants will complete both in-person neuropsychological testing yearly as well as the Creyos online battery quarterly for up to 5 years, to allow us to compare performance on these two batteries over time.