Play is an important activity for children. Almost all children play, but what is play? It is not easy to define play. In the past, people believed that children played to burn their energy. Now, it is known that play is important for children's growth. Some kids with disabilities cannot play. Many experts use play to teach children specific skills. People often forget that play is a child's right. It is important to help all children play. The first step is to define play and find what features are important in helping a child with a disability play. There are some models of play. But they are not complete. They do not look at play as a whole. Some models are just about playfulness, and some are about playing with others. Having a model that defines play helps researchers and clinicians think about play and the different parts of it. Then, when a child cannot play, experts can fix the part that is not working. Investigators want to introduce a model of play in this project. Investigators want to edit and complete it in three steps. First, Investigators will ask parents and children with disabilities about things that help or do not help them play; then, investigators will give Lego robots to kids that they will build with help and play with them for a few weeks. And at the end, investigators will ask therapists and other experts about our model of play. This model will be edited during the study.

The objectives of this group project is to collect synovial fluid (SF) and paired sera and carry out preclinical studies to evaluate, alone or by combination testings, the potential of novel biomarkers for their prevalence and diagnostic/prognostic values in patients with arthritis, and to determine how therapeutic intervention regulate their levels.

The Study To Understand Tilt Tests versus Extended Recordings (STUTTER, POST 10) will test the hypothesis that first performing a diagnostic HUT in older patients with syncope of unknown cause will provide earlier and more diagnoses than inserting an ICM.

This study is a single-blind, intraindividual study to evaluate the efficacy of ruxolitinib 1.5 % cream in adult subjects with discoid lupus erythematosus.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate if, in patients with severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) and high-risk cardiovascular disease (CVD), bariatric surgery compared to medical weight management (MWM) safely reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events. The cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery will also be examined. Separate sub-studies will be performed to examine the relationship between bariatric surgery and mental health, cardiac structure and function, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics.

The prospect of disease-modifying therapies in the pipeline for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has intensified efforts to use brain imaging more effectively for diagnosis and monitoring of dementing illnesses. There is also emerging awareness of the destructive interplay between AD and Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) in our aging population; both disorders share common vascular risk factors and may respond to similar prevention treatments. Brain mapping techniques capitalize on the fact that different neurodegenerative diseases target particular brain areas. Brain shrinkage and stroke disease can be quantified on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using computerized analysis. This ongoing study applies advanced MR imaging analysis, genetic testing and standardized cognitive and functional assessments done at yearly intervals to measure and monitor longitudinal change in patients with AD, vascular and other neurodegenerative diseases and potentially to measure modifying effects of emerging therapies. Over 1700 patients (Mild Cognitive Impairment or dementia from AD, Vascular, Frontotemporal or Lewy Body Disease) and 140 normal elderly have already been enrolled, with 180 autopsies. This study utilizes specialized imaging analysis software packages to reliably quantify brain tissue volumes and small vessel disease, the most common type of CVD. The SDS also investigates other potential biomarkers of dementia such as eye-tracking, optical coherence tomography, gait and balance, and the gut microbiome to explore their clinical utility. Results from this study will help to improve diagnosis, to customize treatment, and to better monitor disease-modifying therapies currently under investigation should they become applicable to everyday practice.

This large real-world international prospective registry will provide a unique opportunity to comprehensively understand the contemporary management, clinical course and short as well as long-term outcomes of all Cardiogenic Shock (CS) patients cared for at four high volume dedicated shock care centers. As the first true North American multicenter CS collaborative with a uniform dedicated and comprehensive case report form, the high patient volumes and wide spectrum of clinical acuity seen at these institutions will provide valuable insight into the factors associated with adverse outcomes; and will serve as a blueprint for future clinical trial designs that may better inform clinical practice.

Changes related to Cerebral Palsy (CP) include differences in muscle architecture and cortical activity. These result in weakness, decreased functional ability and limited participation in physical activity. Strength training programs, particularly those including power training components, show great potential in improving the gross motor function of youth with CP. However, this intervention is not currently offered in the Calgary area. Delivered via an innovative partnership with community stakeholders, this project will investigate the preliminary effectiveness of the program to enable youth with CP to achieve child and family centered goals. It will also investigate the feasibility of offering this type of program via a community-hospital partnership. Research Question \& Objectives: 1. Can youth with cerebral palsy achieve their goals and improve their motor function through RIPT (Resistance Intensive Personal Training), a power training program offered jointly by specialized physiotherapists and fitness professionals in community settings? 2. What are the barriers and facilitators to delivery of RIPT in a community setting for youth, caregivers, clinicians, and program staff?

Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with tongue cancer being one of the most common subtypes. Patients with oral cancers can experience painful swallowing, swallowing difficulty (dysphagia), and associated weight loss long after surgery. Not only is dysphagia an independent predictor of quality of life (QoL) in cancer survivorship, it can also have a devastating impact on the health of patients resulting from complications such as pneumonia, malnutrition and feeding tube dependence. Emerging evidence suggests that patients undergoing surgery benefit from engaging with speech-language pathologists (SLPs) before problems arise, to learn swallow strategies that may become useful in their rehabilitation. This in turn has the potential to reduce complications and minimize the length of feeding tube dependency. This study will assess the feasibility of conducting a prospective clinical trial that would evaluate the effects on patient health, function and overall benefit of early and systematic SLP speech and swallowing intervention for head and neck cancer patients planned for curative surgical treatment. We will also assess long-term changes in select clinical and patient-reported outcomes comparing their status before, and one month after, treatment.

The EPOCH study population is patients with tubo-ovarian carcinosarcoma or uterine carcinosarcoma with evidence of recurrence or progression. The study aims to determine the activity of eribulin as a single agent and the combination of eribulin and pembrolizumab as measured by clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 12 weeks. Additionally, the study aims to establish whether high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein expression is a good functional biomarker to predict response to eribulin and pembrolizumab.