Hernia repair surgery is common, especially the Shouldice repair for primary inguinal hernias, which is considered a top-notch nonmesh technique. However, outcomes can vary, possibly due to differences in surgical skill and experience. Many surgeons are trained more in mesh repairs like the Lichtenstein technique, rather than nonmesh repairs like Shouldice. Understanding a surgeon's learning curve-how many surgeries they need to do to become proficient-is crucial. Yet, there's not much research on this for the Shouldice repair. This project aims to fill that gap and improve surgeon education. The study's goal is to find out how the learning curve affects Shouldice repair for primary inguinal hernias. They'll look at how operative time changes over a surgeon's first 300 repairs compared to their 900-1000th. They'll also check for complications and recurrence rates. The study objectives are: 1. Explore the learning curve and factors affecting Shouldice repair. 2. Compare operative times between a surgeon's early and later surgeries. 3. Look at complications during the learning curve. 4. Determine how long training takes at Shouldice Hospital and the surgeons' previous experience. 5. Review recurrence rates between the first 300 and 900-1000 surgeries. This research aims to give surgeons and the hernia community valuable insights into improving surgical techniques and patient outcomes.

Multinational, investigator-initiated study of oral anticoagulation versus no anticoagulation for the prevention of stroke and other adverse cardiovascular events in patients with transient perioperative atrial fibrillation after noncardiac surgery and additional stroke risk factors.

This is a clinical intervention study of PKU carriers (cases) and non-carriers (controls). Upon completing the informed consent process, participants will complete baseline measures of chronic mental health prior to the intervention (PHQ-9, GAD-7, BIS-11). Participants will attend the Human Nutraceutical Research Unit (HNRU) at the University of Guelph, fasted, and first undergo baseline measures of cognition and acute mental health (mood) and provide samples or saliva, urine and dried blood spots to evaluate phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and their metabolites (PAH pathway functioning) as well as for genetic testing of the PAH gene. Participants will also complete a brief questionnaire which will include age, sex, ethnicity, income, weight and height (measured using a stadiometer and calibrated weigh scale), and confirmation that participants arrived to the lab fasted (i.e. have only had water to drink and no other foods/ beverages prior to analyses). Blood pressure and heart rate will also be measured at baseline. Following baseline tests, participants will consume a pure L-Phe supplement dosed at 100 mg/kg mixed with 125 mL of water and 125mL of orange juice. Blood pressure and heart rate will be repeated at 1-hour post-L-Phe consumption. Two-hours postprandial, participants will repeat the cognitive tests and acute mental health (mood) assessment, blood pressure and heart rate measurement and provide follow-up saliva, urine and dried blood spot samples. Participants will also be asked to report any side effects they experienced with the L-Phe consumption.

Chronic daily headaches (CDH) poses a significant burden on patients, healthcare systems and the society. Intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion, an intervention that is widely available and scalable, can treat CDH by reversing receptor-mediated sensitization. This study is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel group randomized trial with blinding of participants and observers with the goal of comprehensively assessing the effect of high-dose IV ketamine infusion (1 mg.kg-1.h-1 for six hours) on the frequency and intensity of headaches, mood, activity, sleep, quality of life and safety of ketamine for three months after the interventions. Use of validated questionnaires, wearable technology, a research team that includes investigators with expertise in studying ketamine and in evaluating treatments for CDH and pain syndromes are some of the unique features of this project. Our study aims to prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose intravenous ketamine infusions compared to saline infusions in participants with CDH syndrome.

People who undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplant for blood cancers receive the highest chemotherapy doses possible that humans can receive and still survive. As a result, they have devastating side effects during the procedure and for many years afterwards. Damage to organs and muscles cause long-lasting physical weakness and the psychological experience is severe enough to be termed 'post traumatic stress disorder' that also lasts for many years. These effects are worsened by the fact that most Canadians live several hours away from treatment and transplant centers, leaving them entirely on their own to manage these difficult long term effects. The APOLLO team will perform a qualitative study to learn the experiences of people undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant while they receive access to a supportive care computer 'app' and telephone support from nursing, exercise and nutrition experts. In this way, the APOLLO team will learn the most helpful type and timing of supportive care from those who know best.

The STRIVE Before Surgery Trial evaluates patient-reported disability at 30 days after surgery following participating in a home-based multimodal prehabilitation program supported through an online platform. Half of the participants will be randomized into the prehabilitation group, while the other half will be randomized into the control group.

This study aims to establish if programmed intermittent epidural bolus combined to patient controlled analgesia in labour analgesia will lower the hourly bupivacaine consumption when compared to continuous infusion combined with patient controlled analgesia. The investigators' hypothesis is that the use of programmed intermittent epidural bolus will lower the hourly bupivacaine consumption.

The goal of this study is to determine the feasibility of using a psychosocial intervention culturally adapted in China to support perinatal mental well-being of Chinese immigrant pregnant women in Canada. The intervention is adapted from the Thinking Healthy Program (THP), available through a mobile application, and will be offered to Chinese immigrant pregnant women (22 weeks' gestation or greater) residing in Canada, who are over the age of 18, and speak Mandarin. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Will the Chinese version of the THP be acceptable to Chinese immigrant pregnant women residing in Canada and will they use the program which is delivered through a mobile App? * How well does the process of recruiting, keeping participants in the study and helping them complete the activities work, so it can be used for a future larger study? Women interested in the study and who meet the study criteria will complete a questionnaire at the start of the study, then use the THP for three weeks, complete questionnaires 3-4 weeks after completing the intervention and 6-8 weeks after having their baby(ies). Some may be asked to participate in an individual interview.

The North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC) maintains a patient contact registry and tissue biorepository for patients with mitochondrial disorders.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of VYN201 Gel in subjects with non-segmental vitiligo.