The goal of a pilot study is to test a study plan to see if it is appropriate for a larger study. This study plan is looking at whether the use of inhaled sedatives (medications that help people be calm and sleep) can reduce delirium (extreme confusion) in children who need a ventilator (breathing machine) compared to IV or oral sedatives. The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are: * Will people join the study? (recruitment) * Will participants finish the study? * Will healthcare teams accept the study procedures? Participants will be randomized to receive study treatment (inhaled sedation) or standard of care (IV sedation). They will be monitored daily for up to 28 days. They will complete memory, thinking and behaviour tasks after 1 year.

This study is investigating a new technique for delivering chemotherapy directly into the lungs at the time of surgery. Delivering chemotherapy directly to the lungs could potentially kill any microscopic cancer cells that are present in the lungs at the time of surgery, while sparing other major organs in the body from the side effects of chemotherapy. This technique is called In Vivo Lung Perfusion (IVLP). At the University Health Network, this IVLP technique has been used recently in a Phase I study in patients with sarcoma, and we are now expanding on that experience to include patients with colorectal metastases. The purpose of this study is to test the safety of the IVLP technique and find the dose that seems right in humans. Participants are given oxaliplatin into one lung via IVLP and are watched very closely to see what side effects they have and to make sure the side effects are not severe. If the side effects are not severe, then more participants are asked to join the study and are given a higher dose of oxaliplatin. Participants joining the study later on will get higher doses of oxaliplatin than participants who join earlier. This will continue until a dose is found that causes severe but temporary side effects. Doses higher than that will not be given. The other lung will not be infused with anything, so that we can limit unforeseen toxicity to a single lung and see if one lung does better than the other.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of novel MRI-guided ultrasound stimulated microbubble treatment to enhance radiation effects in humans receiving external beam radiotherapy delivered using a LINAC (linear accelerator) radiation therapy device.

The ExVent is an optional accessory to the O2Vent Optima MAD and provides oral Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP). Oral EPAP with the ExVent is designed to provide upper airway support via similar mechanisms of action of nasal EPAP devices in commercial distribution, e.g., passive dilatation of the airway, which reduces flow limitation. Nasal EPAP devices are in commercial distribution as stand-alone therapies for the treatment of OSA. The oral EPAP provided by the ExVent accessory is designed to augment the OSA therapy provided by the O2Vent Optima.

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the short-term effects of a virtual, community-based, task-oriented group exercise program (TIME™ at Home) with a waitlist control in community-dwelling adults with balance and mobility limitations. The main questions the trial aims to answer are: 1. Will there be improvements in physical and mental health outcomes, and caregiver mood and assistance, following participation in the TIME™ at Home exercise program that are greater than in the waitlist control group? 2. Will level of mobility limitation, sex, or gender influence the experiences of people in the exercise program? 3. What will be the costs of the TIME™ at Home exercise program for the organization delivering the program, and the people who are in the exercise program? Participants and their caregivers will be asked to complete 3 evaluations using Zoom at study entry and 2 and 5 months later. * Participants will complete tests of balance and walking and questionnaires. * Caregivers will only complete questionnaires. After the first evaluation, participants will be randomly assigned to either participate in: * the 8-week TIME™ at Home exercise program from their homes using Zoom, or * to wait 5 months (waitlist control group) before beginning the 8-week TIME™ at Home exercise program

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a persistent lung disease that makes it very difficult to breathe. The airways and the normally 'spongy' lungs themselves are affected. The main treatment is puffers, some which are long-acting (to control persistent symptoms) and some which are short-acting ('rescue' puffers when suddenly feeling short-of-breath). Beyond persisting breathlessness at rest, people with COPD can also experience dangerous "lung-attacks" which can require urgent care visits or even hospitalization for treatment. Amazingly, although COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and COPD lung-attacks are a leading cause of hospitalization in Canada, investigators are still unsure which combination of puffers is most effective at treating lung-attacks. The main objective is to determine which puffer treatment combination (just short-acting, or both short-acting and long-acting) best opens up the lungs to airflow during COPD lung-attacks. A test called oscillometry, which requires only quiet breathing and is so safe that it is regularly used in children, toddlers and even infants, will be used to measure lung function changes. All eligible people with COPD receiving urgent lung-attack treatment who agree to participate will perform three rounds of oscillometry: before any puffers, after only short-acting puffers, and finally after long-acting puffers are also added on. Any potential evidence of side effects will be collected from the chart. Oscillometry tests will be compared to see which puffer strategy best improves flow in the airways. Part of the reason why this has not been well-studied so far is that the standard breathing test, spirometry, requires multiple rounds of forceful breathing which is very difficult, even distressing, for many people with COPD (at rest, let alone during a lung-attack). No studies have ever properly studied which puffer strategy is most effective for lung-attacks. The investigators have experience and expertise with oscillometry, the most appropriate test in this setting, to answer this pressing question. This research addresses an important treatment knowledge gap for this very common lung disease. These results could influence how patients with COPD around the world are treated during lung-attacks so that they can breathe better, sooner.

There are very little data on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among the 18 million women living with HIV (WLWH) globally, who constitute a population most vulnerable to HPV and the resultant cervical cancer. Particularly, there are no data to date on reduced-dose schedules of nonavalent HPV (9vHPV) vaccination in WLWH and there are very little data on the 9vHPV vaccine in this population overall. It is critical to examine the 9vHPV vaccine in WLWH now because the quadrivalent HPV (4vHPV) vaccine has been discontinued. Additionally, in order to reach the World Health Organization's global goal of cervical cancer elimination, we must determine the role of various HPV prevention strategies in this important population including reduced vaccine dosing which can drastically increase the feasibility of HPV vaccination programs globally. This randomized clinical trial will enrol WLWH aged 18-45 from across Canada who have not previously received an HPV vaccine. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive 3 doses of 9vHPV vaccine at the routine vaccine schedule of 0/2/6 months or 2 doses at an expanded schedule of 0/6 months with a third dose at month 12 to adhere to current recommendations for WLWH. We will compare the immune response generated to two versus three doses of 9vHPV vaccine and will follow participants for 2 years to examine the immune response over time. This study, which builds upon our team's prior work on HPV vaccination in WLWH, will determine whether two doses of 9vHPV vaccine can be used in WLWH instead of three, and will examine additional aspects of HPV vaccination in WLWH including the immune response to three doses, vaccine safety and efficacy, and attitudes towards self-collected HPV samples in this population. These data will inform global public health policy and programming and will inform the global strategy for cervical cancer elimination.

Physical exercises and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are both known to reduce chronic pain in structured laboratory studies. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of this combined treatment in clinical settings.

This study aims to determine the clinical and functional imaging effects of serial CVS on illness awareness in schizophrenia. Specifically, the investigators aim to: 1. Determine if twice-daily CVS for 4 weeks will improve illness awareness compared to the sham condition in participants with schizophrenia. Illness awareness will be assessed at pre- and post-CVS, and weekly thereafter for 4 weeks. 2. Examine changes in brain network activity (blood oxygen level dependent-BOLD in response to an illness awareness task) pre- and post-CVS. This will serve as a biomarker to rigorously test whether repeated CVS engages the PPA associated with illness awareness.

This is a pilot study designed as a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing arthroscopic Bankart repair and Remplissage with an open Latarjet coracoid transfer for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability with subcritical bone loss.