The purpose of this study is to establish how personalization of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can change markers of brain activity and improve treatment response. To do this, all participants will receive the same active form of treatments, but some of the participants in this study will receive intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) rTMS treatment with standard forms of targeting and intensity, and others will receive iTBS rTMS treatment using personalized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electric field (E-field) modeling measures.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of tozorakimab, as an add-on to SoC in patients with viral lung infection requiring supplemental oxygen, on the prevention of death or progression to IMV/ECMO.

Injections that freeze neck joints can be done using x-rays or ultrasound imaging, which as a newer way of guiding the needle to the right spot. This study will look at how often freezing liquid goes into a blood vessel during neck injections that freeze neck joints when ultrasound guidance is used to place the needle. When this happens, it can go undetected because it does not make the patient feel any different, however it could cause a test block to be falsely negative, leading to the wrong diagnosis. Based on previous studies, we think that this happens rarely, and the purpose of this study is to prove that conclusively

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a 6-week specific rehabilitation program combining education and exercises on walking capacity in patients with LSS causing NC. The intervention group will receive standardized education and specific exercises while the control group will only receive standardized education. The program in both groups will last for 6 weeks with 4 evaluation timepoints (baseline, week 2, week 4 and post-intervention assessment). The primary outcomes will be walking capacity measured with the Self-Paced Walking Test and the secondary outcomes will be back and leg pain intensity, LSS-related disability, self-efficacy, level of physical activity, anxiety and depression, physical activity level, gait pattern characteristics, balance, and global perceived change.

Favorable-risk prostate cancer represent a large proportion of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is commonly used to treat these patients using protracted courses of up to 39 treatments over 8 weeks. Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) protocols hold the promise of more convenience, less side effects, less cost and improved system capacity without sacrificing excellent cancer control rates. By the same token, prostate high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost has been shown to be superior to standard external beam radiation. While two HDR fractions appear to optimize patient convenience and outcomes while minimizing costs, we wanted to determine the tolerability of combining one MR-guided HDR treatment with one SABR treatment to further reduce HDR resource use while maintaining favourable treatment outcomes.

Chronic cough is a common troublesome symptom which has a global prevalence of approximately 10%, but with wide variations across continents. Patients with refractory and unexplained chronic cough (RCC/UCC) often exhibit dysregulated vagal pathways, necessitating a neuronal biomarker for targeted treatment. ATP, involved in the ATP/P2X3 pathway, may serve as a potential biomarker due to its role in the cough reflex. The study aims to discover if ATP production by the airway epithelium is greater in RCC/UCC patients compared with healthy controls, if the epithelium is a source of ATP, whether gene and protein expression related to ATP production differs between these groups and whether ATP release is triggered by mechanical and chemical stimulation. Additionally, the study seeks to determine if biomarker gene expression signatures can differentiate RCC/UCC patients from healthy controls.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that can be delivered in a home setting. It is a safe and tolerable intervention that has shown promise for improving positive social communication and self-regulation in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Children and youth with ASD will be randomized to At-home tDCS or sham control stimulation for 3 weeks. We will measure the effect of At-home tDCS on the brain mechanisms and clinical measures of social communication and self-regulation..

After stroke, individuals must be assessed to determine if they can resume driving. Return to driving is very important to people who have experienced a stroke. Unfortunately, health care providers face challenges in addressing driving after stroke. Common issues include being unsure of the best screening practices, difficulty discussing driving with patients, and challenges making informed recommendations about driving that balance the risk of public safety along with supporting patient goals. Occupational Therapists (OTs) are health care providers that provide screening, assessment, and intervention for driving to individuals who have had a stroke. OTs working in stroke care have highlighted the urgency for evidence-based resources to support practice to address driving with patients. The Practice Resource for Driving After Stroke (PReDAS), is an evidenced-based resource to support the clinical practice of OTs in addressing driving in acute stroke settings. A previous pilot study has demonstrated that the PReDAS is considered useful by both health care providers and patients. Further study is needed to evaluate how the PReDAS can support OTs in addressing driving with patients. The current study proposes to provide the PReDAS as an intervention to OTs working in acute stroke settings to see if the intervention increases OT's self efficacy and clinical reasoning for addressing driving. The study will take repeated measures of self-efficacy and clinical reasoning among participating OTs to determine if the PReDAS intervention supports improved self-efficacy and clinical reasoning.

The study involves characterizing the microbiota of patients with IBS, functional diarrhea, IBD, severe motility disorders and celiac disease. This will be complemented by a translational phase of human-mouse hybrid experiments in which germ-free mice will be colonized with feces from these patients with different GI disease and non-disease controls and we will compare symptoms, microbiota composition and histological changes in the gut and in the brain of the mice.

In Canada, 1,700,000 adults are at risk of dementia, half of them with MCI,representing one of the largest groups at risk for an incurable disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests up to 40% of dementia cases might be preventable by targeting modifiable lifestyle and cardiovascular factors. Given that current treatments cannot modify the disease, prevention is critical. SYNERGIC-2 offers a "personalized multidomain intervention" that combines physical and cognitive training, sleep, diet, and vascular-metabolic interventions in individuals with MCI to synergistically enhance their overall brain health including cognition and contributes to maintaining their independence. Importantly, interventions will be provided at home using an existing virtual platform reducing delivery complexity and expanding the accessibility to a wider population, thus decreasing potential inequities. Improving older adults' brain health and achieving even a modest two-year dementia incidence delay will have a projected saving of $218 Billion in Canada's healthcare system over 30 years.