Utilization data will be collected from all patients entered on the trial at Canadian centres from the time of registration until death, removal from study, or completion of 10 years of follow-up. Protocol-specified health care utilization will be collected within trial case report forms, and will include study visits, radiographic assessments, laboratory investigations, and treatment administration. Resource utilization data collection will be supplemented by a self-administered resource utilization form (Stanford SMRC) to document non-protocol specified utilization. This will include hospitalizations (including days in hospital), emergency room visits, and non-protocol specified ambulatory visits.

Low-value care is defined as the use of a health service, such as diagnostics and treatments, for which the harms or costs outweigh the benefits. In pediatrics, investigations or treatments can be unpleasant or traumatizing to the child, can prolong the time spent in hospital, and can create a cascade of further futile investigations and treatments. Several of the commonly used diagnostics and treatments in bronchiolitis are considered low-value, making it a great model to study low-value care in pediatrics. The purpose of CareBEST is to study the use of 6 low-value healthcare services in children aged 1 to 12 months hospitalized with bronchiolitis, their costs, and measure the variability in practice of these services. The main questions this study aims to answer are: 1. How frequently are 6 low-value care health services used in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis? These 6 low-value care health services are: 1) respiratory virus testing; 2) chest x-rays; 3) continuous pulse oximetry; 4) short-acting beta-agonists; 5) systemic corticosteroids; and 6) antibiotics. * Are there factors that predict the use of these services? * What are the costs of the use of these services? 2. How much variability is there between different patients, different doctors, and between hospitals in the use of these 6 low-value health services ? 3. Are differences in use of low-value health services associated with patient and family characteristics (like race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, language), and do these contribute to disparities in care? Participants will have their infant's medical chart reviewed during their hospitalization. They will also have 2 short questionnaires to complete, once during their child's admission to the hospital, and one 30 days later to ask about whether their child required any additional medical care. This analysis will provide a better understanding of treatment of bronchiolitis in Canada and help in the development of effective interventions to reduce low-value care.

This study will examine changes in synaptic density with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. Synaptic density levels will be measured using a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer \[18F\]SDM-8, which is currently the best-in-class method to quantify synaptic density in humans. This will be a companion study to a parent study by our group examining the effects of tDCS on treatment adherence in schizophrenia (REB #103-2018).

This is a prospective study that directly compares the use of speech vs an anterior protrusive technique for mandibular positioning.

As our Canadian population ages, hip fractures in these older adults are becoming very common. The best treatment for the majority of these injuries is urgent treatment with surgery. However, the hip fracture itself, the surgery required, and the immobility following these injuries are all risk factors for developing blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis or DVT) and blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolism or PE). These complications are a common cause of death in patients with hip fractures and often result in prolonged medical treatment and hospital stays. Patients with hip fractures who require surgery are traditionally given injectable blood thinners to help prevent blood clots; however, these medications are costly, may not be tolerated well, and can be difficult to take, as prescribed. Oral blood thinning medications are being used more commonly, but it is unknown which of these medications is the most effective in preventing blood clots in patients after a hip fracture. Thrombelastography (TEG) technology uses a small sample of blood to evaluate a person's clotting ability. Our research has used TEG technology to evaluate blood clotting risk after hip fracture surgery and the investigators have found that platelets may play an important role in abnormal blood clotting after a hip fracture. The investigators have also shown that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or Aspirin) may help reduce the abnormal platelet hyperactivity associated with blood clotting. This medication warrants investigation for blood clot prevention after hip fracture. The investigators propose to directly compare different oral medication regimens after hip fracture surgery, in order to determine which is safest and most effective in preventing blood clots. Our multi-disciplinary research team includes physicians, surgeons, and scientists with experience evaluating different medications for blood clot prevention. Our results will help determine the best medical treatment for preventing DVT and PE, which will benefit patients with hip fractures worldwide.

This phase III trial compares perioperative chemotherapy (given before and after surgery) versus adjuvant chemotherapy (given after surgery) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer that can be removed by surgery (removable/resectable). Chemotherapy drugs, such as fluorouracil, irinotecan, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving chemotherapy before and after surgery (perioperatively) may work better in treating patients with pancreatic cancer compared to giving chemotherapy after surgery (adjuvantly).

As medical students rotate through different hospital sites as part of their studies, the students are frequently exposed to new and unfamiliar environments. This can cause anxiety in some students, and can potentially result in students becoming lost, and arriving late to their activities. To prevent this, students are currently provided with instructions in the form of written directions, photographs, maps, and/or 2-dimensional videos. In this study, the investigators will test if immersive 360-degree virtual reality videos (videos shown using a headset/goggles that allow the wearer to experience the video as though they were actually there), are better at teaching medical students how to navigate the hospital and find new locations, compared to normal, 2-dimensional video instructions. Medical students will be asked to find their way to a new locations within the hospital, after being given instructions using either 2-dimensional (standard) video or 360-degree virtual reality video. The investigators will measure how long it takes students to find the new location, and how often the students get lost or confused along the way. If successful, the investigators believe that this new method of teaching will help students to get around in new places more easily and lessen student anxiety. This will also increase knowledge related to 360-degree virtual reality video for teaching medical students.

A Phase 3b, open-label, single-arm, rollover study to evaluate the long-term safety of luspatercept, to the following participants: * Participants receiving luspatercept on a parent protocol at the time of their transition to the rollover study, who tolerate the protocol-prescribed regimen in the parent trial and, in the opinion of the investigator, may derive clinical benefit from continuing treatment with luspatercept * Participants in the follow-up phase previously treated with luspatercept or placebo in the parent protocol will continue into long-term post-treatment follow-up in the rollover study until the follow-up commitments are met * The study design is divided into the Transition Phase, Treatment Phase and Follow-up Phase. Participants will enter transition phase and depending on their background will enter either the treatment phase or the Long-term Post-treatment Follow-up (LTPTFU) phase * Transition Phase is defined as one Enrollment visit * Treatment Phase: For participants in luspatercept treatment the dose and schedule of luspatercept in this study will be the same as the last dose and schedule in the parent luspatercept study. This does not apply to participants that are in long-term follow-up from the parent protocol * Follow-up Phase includes: - 42 Day Safety Follow-up Visit * During the Safety Follow up, the participants will be followed for 42 days after the last dose of luspatercept, for the assessment of safety-related parameters and adverse event (AE) reporting - Long-term Post-treatment Follow-up (LTPTFU) Phase * Participants will be followed for overall survival every 6 months for at least 5 years from first dose of luspatercept in the parent protocol, or 3 years of post-treatment from last dose, whichever occurs later, or until death, withdrawal of consent, study termination, or until a subject is lost to follow-up. Participants will also be monitored for progression to AML or any malignancies/pre-malignancies. New anticancer or disease related therapies should be collected at the same time schedule Participants transitioning from a parent luspatercept study in post-treatment follow-up (safety or LTPTFU) will continue from the same equivalent point in this rollover study. The ACE-536-LTFU-001 rollover study will be terminated, and relevant participants will discontinue from the study when all participants fulfill 5 years on the study, including treatment and follow-up.

Data regarding optimal treatment for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae blood-stream infection are lacking. Observational studies show conflicting results when comparing treatment with combination beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor and carbapenems. The investigators aim to evaluate the effect of definitive treatment with meropenem vs. piperacillin-tazobactam on the outcome of patients with bacteremia due to cephalosporin-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae. The investigators hypothesize that piperacillin-tazobactam is non-inferior to meropenem.

This study will compare total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with an augmented glenoid component and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) procedures, in participants with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis aged 65 years and older, who also present with greater than 15 degrees of glenoid retroversion, in the context of a prospective, randomized controlled trial to determine the optimal treatment in this patient population.