The aim of this research is to add to the limited body of knowledge comparing the effectiveness of ultrasound (US) to MRI diagnoses in patients with TMJ disorders. More specifically, we will review the efficacy of handheld US devices, which has not yet been done to the author's knowledge.

The drawbacks of chemical CO2 absorbers include the production of compounds harmful to patients that also lead into increased cost and environmental impact, as well as the daily disposal of compound special waste. Sustainable management of general anesthesia is a growing concern. Continually diluting anesthetic circuits, and the disposal of chemical granulate are serious environmental problems.

This research program will examine the feasibility as assessed through rates of adherence, tolerability, and safety of the ketogenic diet for individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who are not achieving symptomatic remission with first line antidepressants such as the Serotonin Selective Inhibitors (SSRIs). Driven by robust data on the benefits of ketogenic diet in epilepsy and by preliminary data in animal models demonstrating its effects on depressive behaviors, there is a hypothesis that ketogenic diet could be useful to treat residual depressive symptoms. As deficits in reward and pleasure (anhedonia) are the most common residual symptoms in MDD individuals with partial response to SSRIs, the ketogenic diet could be a potential adjuvant in the treatment for depression. In addition, a preliminary assessment of neuroplasticity-related biomarkers in the plasma to determine possible biological substrates for the mechanism of action of ketogenic diet in the brain will be conducted.

The PERSON-JIA Trial is a cluster-randomized trial testing the use of Shared Decision Making (SDM) with families for treatment of children with arthritis. The intervention is a discussion between physicians and families at the time of diagnosis that uses computer-generated personalized outcome reports generated by previously developed prediction algorithms. By using information provided by thousands of families, the investigators have developed a way of providing answers to common questions asked by patients and their families at diagnosis. We will test whether a structured discussion and shared decision between families and doctors (guided by the patient's personal report) will improve the tailoring of treatment to the child and control of their disease. The personal report is called the PERSON-JIA report and presents the child's expected disease severity, the likelihood the child will be arthritis free by age 18 and the chance treatments will be effective and/or have side effects. This way, answers to these questions can be shared by physicians and families to weigh potential benefits and harms according to family values and preferences. The investigators expect that using the personalized report in a frank and thoughtful discussion will help physicians and families make better decisions about managing the child's disease. This in turn will result in better disease control, greater family engagement and satisfaction with care and better-tailored treatment. If so, this will be a ground-breaking way of using information provided by families and doctors to improve the care provided to and the outcomes of children with arthritis in Canada.

The long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon is thought to be a common source of shoulder pain and dysfunction in patients with rotator cuff pathology. Tenotomy and tenodesis have been shown to produce favourable and comparable results in treating LHB lesions, but a controversy still exists regarding the treatment of choice. Some suggest that tenotomy should be reserved for older, low-demand patients, while tenodesis should be performed in younger patients and those who engage in heavy labor. Proponents of tenotomy suggest that this is a technically easy procedure that leads to easy rehabilitation and fast return to activity with a low complication and reoperation rate. However, those who support LHB tenodesis list good preservation of elbow flexion and supination strength, improvement of functional scores, elimination of pain, and avoidance of cosmetic deformity as benefits of the procedure. Alternatively, the LHB can be maintained in the joint without tenodesis or tenotomy. In fact, it has not been clearly shown that LHB tenodesis or tenotomy leads to improved outcomes compared to leaving the biceps tendon intact.

Goal of research program: To understand person-specific factors, such as imaging markers and activity patterns early after stroke, that may guide precision rehabilitation to optimize function and improve recovery. Objectives: 1. Test the effect of reducing sedentary behaviour early after stroke on functional mobility and global disability outcomes. 2. Determine the impact of neuroimaging biomarkers (e.g. leukoaraiosis) on response to rehabilitation. 3. Explore the predictive value of accelerometry as an adjunct to the subjective modified Rankin Scale (mRS) to assess functional disability after stroke. Experimental approach/Research Plan/Use of Funds: The investigators aim to recruit 50 participants within 1 week of ischemic stroke onset, aged ≥ 18 years, medically stable as deemed by their physicians, able to walk at least 5 meters with/without gait aid and with ongoing walking or balance goals. Demographic and stroke characteristics, including stroke risk factors, infarct location and volume, leukoaraiosis on routine MRI, and acute stroke treatments (e.g., thrombectomy) will be determined and documented. A battery of impairment, psychosocial, and functional measures, including the mRS and Timed-Up and Go test (primary outcomes) will be completed. Subsequently, participants will be set up to wear activPAL accelerometer, validated in stroke, for 1 week. Following randomization, a sedentary behaviour change intervention will span 6 weeks, with final follow-up assessments at 90 days.

This study will be a dual-arm prospective longitudinal cohort study for patients with brain metastases, at least one of which is appropriate for radiotherapy, to explore brain and cognitive changes following SRS or WBRT and evaluate the feasibility of a novel MRI protocol to identify potential radiological biomarkers of NCF decline. Patients diagnosed with brain mets will be assigned to either Arm A or Arm B, depending on their treatment plan. Patients in Arm A will be treated with SRS. Patients in Arm B will be treated with WBRT. Patients' neurocognitive function will be assessed before their radiation treatment and followed up for 2 years post treatment.

Early intervention (EI) using naturalistic behavioural methods have shown benefits for the development of communication and other skills for young children with autism spectrum disorder. The publicly funded autism EI program in Nova Scotia (NS) is based on such a method, Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), and pre-post studies indicate benefits for children and families. However, not all children benefit equally. In this study, the investigators test the efficacy of a brief parent-mediated intervention designed to prime responsivity to PRT in children with a minimal responder profile derived from previous studies of the PRT-based EI program.

To date, the use of the quadriceps tendon as an autograft option in primary paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction has not been well studied. The 2018 International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement now outlines the quadriceps tendon as a possible autograft option. However, no Randomised Control Trial (RCT) has examined the efficacy of the quadriceps tendon autograft in primary paediatric ACL reconstruction compared to the historical "gold-standard" soft-tissue hamstring autograft in this population. In light of its evidence for favourable outcomes in the adult population, and the (albeit limited) evidence showing safety and promise in the paediatric population, clinical equipoise exists for assessing its impact on outcomes in paediatric patients at the index surgery. This trial aims to demonstrate feasibility of a global RCT that will evaluate the efficacy of soft-tissue quadriceps versus hamstring autograft tendons on re-operation, return to sport, and knee function among paediatric patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction.

The purpose of this study is to compare infection rates when patients, elected for primary or aseptic revision THA / TKA, have a single intravenous antibiotic dose versus one single intravenous antibiotic dose in combination with intra-articular antibiotics. This is a prospective, randomized clinical survey on selected outcome measurements on 1834 subjects who will be recruited in a period of about 2 years.