With perinatal cannabis use rising in Canada, robust data on short-term and long-term effects on newborns are urgently needed. However, past barriers to obtain robust data included limited sample sizes, low self-reporting and no account of postpartum exposures. Therefore, this study will be conducted as a feasibility pilot study to tease out limitations that were present in previous studies. This study will help us dictate how to conduct a larger prospective cohort study to answer any knowledge gaps currently in the field of perinatal cannabis use.

To demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the Reducer system for treatment of patients with refractory angina pectoris treated with maximally tolerated guideline-directed medical therapy who demonstrate objective evidence of reversible myocardial ischemia in the distribution of the left coronary artery and who are deemed unsuitable for revascularization. A non-randomized single-arm will further assess the safety and effectiveness of the Neovasc Reducer System in selected subjects with reversible myocardial ischemia in the distribution of the right coronary artery and who are deemed unsuitable for revascularization, subjects with reversible myocardial ischemia without documented obstructive coronary disease and subjects who cannot complete an exercise tolerance test due to an above-the-ankle amputation.

This study is a controlled trial of metformin in individuals with fragile X syndrome between the ages of 6 and 35 years. Participants will be randomized in a double-blind design to either drug or placebo and will attend three visits to the study site in a 4-month period for a series of tests. The primary objectives are to assess safety, tolerability, and efficacy of metformin in the treatment of language deficits, behavior problems, and obesity/excessive appetite in individuals with fragile X syndrome.

The purpose of this study is to look at pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) that need to be treated with antibiotics given through a tube inserted into a vein (intravenous or IV). A pulmonary exacerbation is a worsening of respiratory symptoms in people with CF that needs medical intervention. Both doctors and CF patients are trying to understand the best way to treat pulmonary exacerbations. This study is trying to answer the following questions about treating a pulmonary exacerbation: * Do participants have the same improvement in lung function and symptoms if they are treated with one type of antibiotic (called beta-lactams or β-lactams) versus taking two different types of antibiotics (tobramycin and β-lactams)? * Is taking one type of antibiotic just as good as taking two types?

The goal of this clinical trial is to test the investigational product, Montbretin A (MbA) in either individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or healthy participants. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Safety of MbA * Whether MbA has less side effects in comparison to other medications used to treat T2D Participants will: * Be given MbA at increasing amounts (10 mg to 300 mg) over a two-week treatment period, along with standardized meal; * Undergo testing, including blood draws, blood sugar checks, electrocardiogram (ECG) and questionnaires.

Severe mental illness such as schizophrenia and mood disorders typically develops at a young age and can cause life-long disability. Currently available treatments cannot cure severe mental illness. This makes it important to find ways to prevent severe mental illness in young people before it has a chance to develop. This research study will pilot a new preventive intervention for young people who are at high risk of developing severe mental illness. The investigators will target early preceding factors (the 'antecedents') to severe mental illness which includes anxiety, unusual hearing and visual experiences, the loss of previously acquired abilities, and sudden and unpredictable changes in mood. These antecedents strongly predict an increased risk of developing severe mental illness. They are often impairing and distressing to the individual but can be improved with self-management skills and parent training, and they are present in the individual years before the onset of severe mental illness which makes them an ideal target for early intervention. The goal is to intervene early enough in the young person's life that severe mental illness can be prevented, hopefully leading to a happy, healthy and productive adulthood. The investigators want to test the acceptability and short-term efficacy of this new preventive intervention.

Beta-thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies are serious inherited blood diseases caused by abnormal or deficiency of beta A chains of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells which delivers oxygen throughout the body.The diseases are characterized by hemolytic anemia, organ damage, and early mortality without treatment. Increases in another type of (normal) hemoglobin, fetal globin (HbF), which is normally silenced in infancy, reduces anemia and morbidity. Even incremental augmentation of fetal globin is established to reduce red blood cell pathology, anemia, certain complications, and to improve survival. This trial will evaluate an oral drug discovered in a high throughput screen, which increases fetal globin protein (HbF and red blood cells expressing HbF)and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to high levels in anemic nonhuman primates and in transgenic mice. The study drug acts by suppressing 4 repressors of the fetal globin gene promoter in progenitor cells from patients. The drug has been used for 50 years in a combination product for different actions - to enhance half-life and reduce side effects of a different active drug- and is considered safe for long-term use. This trial will first evaluate 3 dose levels in small cohorts of nontransfused patients with beta thalassemia intermedia. The most active dose will then be evaluated in larger subject groups with beta thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell disease.

The Canadian Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma Study 1 is a randomized clinical trial that aims to compare two initial treatment options - Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) and Phacoemulsification (PHACO) - in newly diagnosed patients with pseudoexfoliation and need to lower the intraocular pressure. Patients with pseudoexfoliation and a recent decision to lower the intraocular pressure, who also have early asymptomatic lens opacification will be recruited and randomized to receive either SLT or PHACO. Patients will be followed for 2 years according to a target IOP protocol based on the Canadian Ophthalmological Society Glaucoma guidelines. Patients who do not achieve the target IOP with the initial randomization procedure will receive IOP lowering medications. The main outcome of interest will be the proportion of subjects who need IOP lowering medications after 2 years. Secondary outcomes include IOP reduction, time to need medications, patient reported outcomes in terms of visual function, and occurrence of adverse effects. To obtain longer follow-up information beyond two years, a chart review will be done 5 and 10 years after randomization.

Adult degenerative scoliosis is the most common spine deformity in adults. Patients present a lateral curvature of the spine and vertebra rotation. Curves meeting indications for treatment affect 24% of the aging adult population. Adult scoliosis causes pain, curve progression, and cosmetic deformity affecting quality of life and function. Pain affects 90% of patients with AS. Other than surgery for severe cases and pain medication, very little non-operative treatments have been investigated. Scoliosis-specific exercises have shown promise in a single study in adults and in an Alberta adolescent study. The goal of this pilot randomized controlled trial on the effect of Schroth exercises in adults with degenerative scoliosis compared to observation is to determine the feasibility of conducting a larger study. This study will help plan and secure funding for a larger study by examining the ability to recruit enough eligible participants, whether patients can follow the prescribed program session attendance and complete the home exercises prescribed. The early estimate the effects of the exercises on pain, quality of life, disability, deformity and posture measurements will help determine the potential of this approach and the likely success of a larger RCT. This study addresses a need of adults with degenerative scoliosis who do not meet surgical indications but still experience pain and disability by exploring a promising exercise approach.

Nova Scotians are aging and many are becoming frailer. People with frailty are more likely to live in worse health and do not recover well from major events, such as open heart surgery. Many people are also too frail to receive open heart surgery. Less invasive procedures called transcatheter aortic valve implantation, or TAVI, are provided for the frailest patients. While TAVI is life-saving, frailer patients are less likely to survive in better health after their operation. Patients in Nova Scotia can also wait up to 3-6 months for their operation where they become frailer or can die before receiving TAVI. The investigators believe that it is important to support these individuals to improve their frailty and overall health before their operation. Center-based cardiac rehabilitation is offered to patients after, but not before TAVI to improve their health. Center-based preoperative cardiac rehabilitation (i.e., PREHAB) can safely improve the function of frail patients who received open heart surgery. However, many patients cannot come to a center-based PREHAB because of transportation requirements to access the program. Another option is to support these patients with virtually delivered PREHAB, where they can stay in their homes. However, this possibility has not been studied. For this study, virtual PREHAB will be delivered using the virtual cardiac rehabilitation program in Nova Scotia to patients before TAVI. This intervention will be delivered by healthcare providers who routinely care for TAVI patients, including a medical director, program lead, nurse, physiotherapist, and dietician. Ther goal of this study is to determine if it is feasible and safe to use virtual PREHAB to reduce frailty before TAVI. This research fits with Research Nova Scotia's priorities to improve patient outcomes in those with significant long-term health conditions, and to provide accessible, safe, and quality virtual healthcare to patients so they can thrive after their operation.