Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare disorder of increased bone fragility characterized by fractures with minimal or absent trauma, dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), and, in adult years, hearing loss. It is seen in both genders and all races. The clinical features of OI represent a continuum varying from perinatal lethality to individuals with severe skeletal deformities, mobility impairments, and very short stature to nearly asymptomatic individuals with a mild predisposition to fractures, normal stature, and normal lifespan. Fractures can occur in any bone, but are most common in the extremities. These disorders can be devastating and progressive and result in deformity, chronic pain, impaired function and loss of quality of life. The overall goal of this study is to answer specific question about the natural history of brittle bone diseases as defined by molecular etiology and to develop the foundation for prospective clinical studies.

Accessing nodules located in the most outer part of the lung is challenging. Tissue that will be removed from the lung will be used to see if we can reach and see the nodule with a very small camera. This camera that may reach in the smaller and outer airways is called a composite optical fiberscope (COF). The purpose of this study is to evaluate insertion ability of the COF and visualization of the lung tumor by the COF. In order to do so, we plan to evaluate 50 patient samples from the University Health Network over the span of 2 years.

Burn injuries can result in long term physical and mental sequelae, not only from the scarring but also the painful dressings. The standard of care today remains use of antibiotic topical dressings while awaiting demarcation of the burn depth, with surgical excision and grafting for deep partial thickness and full thickness areas. Demarcation can be appreciated on admission for full thickness burns but is often a prolonged process that can last weeks. The clinical evaluation of the depth of the burn is a complex decision that often is made more challenging by the presence of the proteinaceous pseudoeschar and the coagulated dermis itself. Surgical debridement is relatively 'coarse' and by its very nature requires removal of a thin layer of viable tissue to reach the level that is vascularized enough to support a skin graft. There has been growing interest in the use of adjuncts to reduce the amount tissue debrided and potentially reduce the need for surgery itself. Operatively, there have been some reports that use of hydro-dissection devices (Versajet™) may allow a more controlled debridement, resulting in less viable tissue being sacrificed. There is also a growing experience with enzymatic debridement, especially with Bromolein, derived from Pineapple (NexoBrid®). Neither of these have been shown to definitively improve care in randomized controlled trials, (RCTs) and there is suggestion that in some settings may actually cause harm.

Septic shock is associated with substantial burden in terms of both mortality and morbidity for survivors of this illness. Pre-clinical sepsis studies suggest that mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) modulate inflammation, enhance pathogen clearance and tissue repair and reduce death. Our team has completed a Phase I dose escalation and safety clinical trial that evaluated MSCs in patients with septic shock. The Cellular Immunotherapy for Septic Shock Phase I (CISS) trial established that MSCs appear safe and that a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is feasible. Based on these data, the investigators have planned a phase II RCT (UC-CISS II) at several Canadian academic centres which will evaluate intermediate measures of clinical efficacy (primary outcome), as well as biomarkers, safety, clinical outcome measures, and a health economic analysis (secondary outcomes).

This study is to evaluate how safe and effective ritlecitinib is in participants with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV). Ritlecitinib is studied in patients with non-segmental vitiligo. Vitiligo is a chronic acquired depigmentation disorder characterized by well-defined pale white patches of skin. Non-segmental vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder and is the focus of this study. The study will show: * if the repigmentation (the recovery of pigmentation) achieved in study B7981040 (also called the "parent study") will stay the same or will further increase if you keep receiving the same study medicine (ritlecitinib 50 milligrams or placebo) * Or if more repigmentation can be achieved if you start receiving ritlecitinib 100 milligrams in this study * Or how long the repigmentation achieved during the parent study lasts if you start receiving placebo in this study. This study is seeking for participants who: * have non-segmental vitiligo (either active or stable) and * received ritlecitinib or placebo for 52 weeks in the parent study. A placebo looks exactly like the study capsule but does not contain any medicine in it. All participants in this study will receive the study medicine or placebo. The study medicine (ritlecitinib 50 milligrams or 100 milligrams) or placebo are capsules that are taken by mouth at home every day. At week 4 (or if it cannot be done then, at week 8) study visit, you must take the medication at the study site, and not at home. Participants may receive the study medicine or placebo for up to 52 weeks. The study will look at the experiences of people receiving the study medicine. This will help see if ritlecitinib is better for treating vitiligo. Participants will be involved in this study for a maximum of 60 weeks. During this time, they will have 9 study visits during the study. Ritlecitinib 50 mg is an approved drug for the treatment of severe Alopecia Areata (a disease with similar abnormal changes in the body functions like vitiligo) in the US, EU and Japan. China, Great Britain and other market applications are pending.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether an intervention combining motivational interviewing and follow-up with a mobile phone application will help overweight women and their partners adopt healthy lifestyle habits in the preconception period. This study will also evaluate the impact of the intervention on the weight, waist circumference, and body fat of women and their partners. Women and their partners will be followed through pregnancy to explore the effects of the intervention on the adequacy of gestational weight gain, rates of pregnancy complications, delivery mode, and infant birth weight.

This is a prospective, multicenter clinical trial in subjects with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma to evaluate the efficacy and safety of administering naxitamab with standard induction therapy. The initial chemotherapy will include 5 cycles of multi-agent chemotherapy. Naxitamab will be added to all 5 Induction cycles. We hypothesize that the addition of anti-GD2 therapy to induction chemotherapy will result in improved end of induction responses and improved survival.

Pre-operative physical functioning has been acknowledged as a factor influencing post-operative complication risk, recovery progression and mortality risk. Current guidelines have yet to focus on the pre-operative period as a potential target to improve levels of physical functioning before renal transplantation. This project proposes the introduction of an exercise intervention pre-operatively to mitigate functional decline pre-operatively and improve post-operative outcomes following renal transplantation. We hypothesize that a home-based exercise prehabilitation program prior to kidney transplantation will result in improved functional outcomes including the 6-minute walk test, 60-second timed sit to stand, Fried Frailty Score, quality of life and fatigue. Further we hypothesize that prehabilitation will result in improved outcomes regarding post-operative recovery, complication rate, length of stay and mortality. Objectives A) Identify whether a prehabilitation program can mitigate functional decline pre-operatively regarding walking speed, strength, endurance, quality of life and fatigue B) To determine whether a tailored home-based exercise program prior to kidney transplantation is feasible with regards to adherence in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). C) To determine if a prehabilitation program results in improved clinical outcomes within one week following Kidney Transplantation (KT) as well as at 30 and 90 days including but not limited to time to first ambulation, time to first bowel movement, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification), mortality and length of stay. D) Quantify the differences described above, if any exist.

This study is to evaluate the accuracy of a novel radiopharmaceutical tracer, para-chloro-2-\[18F\]fluoroethyl etomidate (CETO), used with positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), as a way to subtype unilateral vs. bilateral forms of Primary Aldosteronism, compared to AVS as a reference gold standard.

Over 300,000 people in Canada suffer from Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), a chronic condition whose incidence rate has been increasing in Canada every year by 5.1% (higher than the global average). While exogenous insulin injections allow those with T1D to live, it is not a cure, and those with T1D develop severe complications (kidney failure, cardiovascular disease). Strategies to regress the development of these complications, minimize healthcare system burden, and save the lives of Canadians are urgently needed. Undertaking regular exercise is an obvious strategy for those with T1D and has many well-established health benefits. Despite these benefits, adults with T1D exercise less frequently due to fear of severe hypoglycemia and a lack of knowledge of effective exercise strategies. Adding to this complexity, the investigators have recently shown that males and females elicit differential impairments in skeletal muscle metabolism in response to T1D. These differences may extend to the peripheral microvasculature and may lead to sexual dimorphism in the health benefits of exercise for those with T1D. Ultimately, developing a healthy muscle mass, including microvasculature, will help mitigate dysglycemic and dyslipidemic fluctuations and improve insulin sensitivity. The overarching purpose of this proposed study is to determine the impact of T1D on human skeletal muscle and its microvasculature over the lifespan in males and females, and its responses to exercise training and detraining.