TMS Visual Modulation in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Participation Requirements

• Sex:

  ALL

• Eligible Ages:

  18 to 40

Participation Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Body dysmorphic disorder:

Inclusion:

* males or females
* ages 18-40
* meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder
* have a Body Dysmorphic Disorder version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale (BDD-YBOCS) score of ≥20
* primary appearance concerns of the face or head area
* medication naïve or medication free for at least 8 weeks prior to enrollment

Subclinical body dysmorphic disorder:

* males or females
* ages 18-40
* have a score on the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire of ≥8 (1 standard deviation \[STD\] above population norms)
* primary appearance concerns of the face or head area
* medication naïve or medication free for at least 8 weeks prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

Body dysmorphic disorder:

* concurrent major Axis I disorders including substance use disorders, aside from anxiety disorders or depressive disorders as these comorbidities are very common and the sample would otherwise be non-representative; however, BDD must be the primary diagnosis.
* lifetime: bipolar disorder or psychotic disorder
* psychotropic medications, aside from a short half-life sedative/hypnotic for insomnia, or a short half-life benzodiazepine as needed for anxiety but not exceeding a frequency of 3 doses in one week and not to be taken on the days of the training or MRI scan
* current cognitive-behavioral therapy

Subclinical body dysmorphic disorder:

Exclusion:

* meet full DSM-5 criteria for body dysmorphic disorder
* current Axis I disorders including substance use disorders
* lifetime: bipolar disorder or psychotic disorder
* psychotropic medications, aside from a short half-life sedative/hypnotic for insomnia, or a short half-life benzodiazepine as needed for anxiety but not exceeding a frequency of 3 doses in one week and not to be taken on the days of the training or MRI scan
* current cognitive-behavioral therapy

Exclusion criteria for all participants:

* Neurological disorder
* Pregnancy
* Current major medical disorders that may affect cerebral metabolism such as diabetes or thyroid disorders
* Current risk of suicide with a plan and intent
* Ferromagnetic metal implantations or devices (electronic implants or devices, infusion pumps, aneurysm clips, metal fragments or foreign bodies, metal prostheses, joints, rods or plates)
* Visual acuity worse than 20/35 for each eye as determined by Snellen close vision acuity chart (vision will be tested with corrective lenses if participant uses them).